[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] help-JUSTIFY THE CHOICE OF SECURITY TECHNIQUES USED TO PROTECT AN E-COMMERCE SYSTEM??
OK i have this coursework to hand in tomorrow and i dont udnerstand the meaning of this task? the two task before it was to describe securirty issues and how to overcome it now i have to justify the choice of techniques?? what do i have to do? i looked upa t the dictionary and i know justify meaning "to prove/show/demonstrate" but i dont understand how should i do it.
You defend that the techniques selected are proportionate to the security issues that need to be overcome; that other techniques are simply outdated, imperfect, or not enough.
Integrating Joomla with Magento by Anh Nguyen (August 2009)
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] How can i use internet for marketing my products ?
The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the Internet, also known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread information to a vast number of people simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently revolutionized shopping—for example; a person can order a CD online and receive it in the mail within a couple of days, or download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a company to market a product to a specific person or a specific group of people more so than any other advertising medium.
Examples of personalized marketing include online communities such as MySpace, Friendster, Orkut, Facebook and others which thousands of Internet users join to advertise themselves and make friends online. Many of these users are young teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they advertise interests and hobbies, which online marketing companies can use as information as to what those users will purchase online, and advertise their own companies' products to those users.
Running a successful Internet business can be complicated if you don't know how to do it right. Since the Internet is flooded with alot of information, it can be difficult to know how to build an online business the right way. Running a website marketing Internet business is easier than you think. When building an Internet business it's important to become involved with a marketing and training system that will teach you the right steps to take. Make sure the system you become involved in teaches you about self-branding, and the concepts of Attraction Marketing. Also, make sure the training system is backed by proven leaders that have already learned these concepts and have become master marketers already. Remember, the number one key to building a successful web site marketing Internet business is marketing. The only way to achieve lasting success as an Internet marketer is to become a master at marketing.
Recently the way Internet marketing has been done over the years has changed. Marketers can no longer get away with generic capture pages and squeeze pages like they used to. Google has really put an end to this type of practice from Internet marketers. Google wants their customers to be provided with good content and information from the start, and capture pages and squeeze pages aren't the way to do it. The best way to provide your prospects with content and make Google happy is to create your own self hosted Wordpress blog. The most effective way to use your blog is to make good posts to your blog, then direct your prospect to your squeeze page or capture page. Marketing this way will build trust with your prospect first before you try to sell them something. Plus Google rewards marketers that do business this way.
When choosing the Internet business that's right for you, make sure the business offers you long-term residual income potential as well as a high GPT (Get Paid Today) value. It's important to have both of these concepts together when choosing the right opportunity. You need to Get Paid Today for the work you have done, and also have residual income potential to provide you with long-term financial security. If you are currently involved in a business and they don't provide you with both of these concepts together, then it's time to find another business opportunity that will.
If you want to have a successful web site marketing Internet business, the only way you will succeed is if you become a master at marketing. Marketing is the number one key to success with any business. The best way to become a master marketer is to become involved with a marketing and training system that will teach you the right steps on how to market yourself and your business the right way. Attraction Marketing is the basis by which all of your marketing efforts should be focused around. The reason why most network marketers fail is because they don't know the concept of Attraction Marketing on how to effectively implement this concept into their own business. Once you begin to learn and implement these strategies into your own business, you will finally have the success that you deserve.
Learning how to become a master marketer is the key to lasting success in the Internet marketing industry.
If you are ready to become a master marketer, and are willing to follow the exact strategies that it takes to become a successful marketer visit Master Marketing Secrets.
About the Author
Lucien Bechard a.k.a 'The CopyCat Marketer' and 'The CopyCat Multi-Preneur' is an Internet Marketing expert that teaches people how to build a successful online business using the principles of Attraction Marketing. If you desire to have financial freedom, are willing to do whatever it takes to achieve your dreams, and want so desperately to find an opportunity that will help you achieve your dreams visit I WANT MY FREEDOM!
[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Any tips regarding my internet site?
Can anyone offer any tips on making money from an internet site/business?
I've started one and while I'm getting a lot of compliments on the design, and the service it's providing, I don't feel I can charge people for using the site as we only have 110 people on it at present...
Any advice would be most welcome indeed.
You could try getting some sponsors? People will pay to place an advert on your site. Though with 110 people i don't know how easy that would be.
Training Video #19: Website Linking Using Link Pyramids
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] How to affiliate market?
Hi, my job recently got really slow and I think they might be laying off so people, I was interested in being a affiliate marketer. Which I hear can make pretty good money. I just wanted to know if anybody know a website or a book I can read where it trains me how to be a successful affiliate marketer. Please help I need money and am reaching to the point where am very poor :( Please don't tell me to play the lotto cuz it don't work, and yes I buy the tickets with greater odds am not dumb. :)
You can earn money with affiliate marketing, but it takes time and effort and you won't be earning a large sum of money right away. Your question may encourage a lot of spammy answers suggesting books and systems to buy, but they are largely a waste of money. It is really pretty simple to do affiliate marketing. You are to become what is called a "publisher" so you need to have at least one website or webpage URL to become a "publisher" to apply for most of the better programs. So here's what you need to do: 1. Create a website, websites or webpages about a particular theme or topic. It might be household tips, travel, cooking, sports, gardening, crafts, pets, hobbies, how to build a birdhouse - anything that interests you that you know about or are willing to do some research to learn about. Eventually you may want to make several pages about several topics that interest you to increase the number of products you can market. If you are looking to start for free, get a free blog or blogs or start creating pages about specific topics on Hubpages or Squidoo. 2. After you have created a page or pages with interesting original content and photos about your topic, apply to affiliate programs and look for companies that have products that fit in with the topic of your pages. 3. Here are some affiliate programs that I like: Zazzle - you can create and design your own online store of products by downloading your favorite photos and then post your store link on your webpages, facebook, emails or whatever: http://www.zazzle.com/vickisims?rf=238110270365818601
Linkshare is a company that has many advertisers to choose from, and you get paid with one check from Linkshare for all of your sales.: http://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/stat?id=u5gSYs0n6aI&offerid=7097.10000025&type=3&subid=0
Share-a –sale is another company similar to LinkShare - they have many advertisers that you can choose from and you are paid in one check every month from LinkShare for all sales: http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=69&u=360104&m=47&urllink=&afftrack
All Posters - You can use the links to the posters and pictures at All Posters in your webpages to add some great photos and illustrations plus you may sell a few: http://affiliates.allposters.com/link/redirect.asp?AID=1581418438&PSTID=1<ID=19&LID=112&ParentAID=1581418438&lang=1
For creating pages for free where you can put affiliate links, I would recommend starting with creating pages (called lenses) on Squidoo. They have a pretty easy to use system of modules and you can even earn income directly from Squidoo by including Amazon and eBay modules. Pick products from Amazon and eBay related to the topic of your page and if anyone clicks on your product link and buys something you earn a commission. You can also add your own affiliate links to your pages. Here is an example of how you can put them all together to make a great page: http://www.squidoo.com/Seattle-Pike-Place-Market
Notice how the selling modules and affiliate programs must be appropriate to the topic and helpful for it to work well. People get turned off fast from a site that screams BUY, BUY, BUY - they must get some good information from the page to stick around and possibly eventually click out on a link. If you'd like to get started making a Squidoo page (called a lens) here is a link: http://www.squidoo.com/lensmaster/referral/VickiSims
There are numerous other free affiliate marketing programs, but with some you must earn $50 in commissions before you are paid so it is better to start off using several advertisers from one company that has many to be able to reach the payment threshold faster. Then as you create more pages and learn how to generate traffic to them, you can expand to additional programs.
In the beginning you may wait several months before you earn the minimum amount to get paid, but as you learn how to build traffic to your pages, your income will steadily increase.
Feel free to contact me if you would like more information.
To be on top these days' local Internet marketing services is a good way to make a trillion dollar industry and it is one of the popular business strategies these days. There are easiest way to get more local clients and be on top by having local internet marketing even at the online site such as Google.com. The easiest way to get more clients is by offering internet marketing expertise such as promoting own products and services through local businesses these sometimes includes creating web pages and building links. This is quite a cheaper service because it sometimes costs as low as $2,500 per month. The next thing to be on top and get more clients through online is to find where these prospect clients hang up these are usually done by attending business meetings and other gathering of business owners. These online meetings can be found at sites like the BNI.com, Meetup.com and surfing words with the use of Google site like Tampa Business Group. Another way around to get more clients is by sending them letter and this usually cost cheaper at around $20. The letter details the effectiveness of having internet as part of the marketing strategy of the business thus in turn makes these business owners to look for internet marketing sites. And the last method is through mass appointment by the use of webinar techniques. This is done by inviting business owners to join and watch the webinar and somehow entice these owners to value internet marketing as an important strategy for their business.
If one wants to stay on top and earn a trillion dollar business industry, internet marketing services offers a venue for these business owners a greater business in just quick and easy steps.
About the Author
Want to rank high in Google, visit http://www.localmarketingtoday.info and be the one!
Industrial Internet Marketing
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Need opinion on Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX9K, or recommendations for a Ultra Compact Digital Camera?
I currently own a Fujifilm Finepix s7000. I think the camera is slow in response compared to other cameras out in the market...and it is too big for me to carry around.
I am not a professional photographer...and I am planning to replace my s7000 with something more compact, that can still take stunning pictures.
I have researched online and saw the Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX9K. It has 6.0 megapixels, 3x optical zoom, and an Optical Image Stabilizer for shaky-hands like me. It costs below $300 online.
Does anyone have experience on this camera? I am wondering if the photo quality will be a big difference from my s7000.
There are a quite a few Ultra-Compact digital cameras out there within the same price range...such as the Canon SD300/400/500...
Can someone give me suggestions on which to pick? Thanks!
East or west.. Canon is the best
Econsultancy Digital Marketing Training Courses and Professional Qualifications in Online Marketing
Where can I get objective advice on an Internet advertising model?
I'm trying to find a qualified resource to provide some generic answers concerning a new Internet advertising model. Basically this model will offer potential advertisers a low monthly volume of extremely high-quality leads. The questions I have relate to a) pricing and b) marketing this new service. So, where do I look for this advice?
I find questions that require a "deeper" answer get better answers in the Q&A of LinkedIn. Their Q&A attracts a lot of professionals in the field of marketing, advertising and in this case, direct marketing.
My suggestion is to look at some examples of this type of business model. Franchising brokers and directories, for example, offer this type of business model where the advertisers (franchisers) post their info for a fee and then they pay based on the leads that they get
Affiliate Marketing and Product Creation Part 2 of 13
English: Wordle Cloud Definition of Social Commerce - All Definitions of "Social Commerce" added to http://www.wordle.net from http://socialcommercetoday.com/social-commerce-definition-word-cloud-definitive-definition-list/ (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
S-Commerce and the Social Hub Wave
Until recently, e-commerce was the new topic anyplace. E-commerce began the new way to buy - online - as against traditional offline commerce. Web 1.0 started with that. Soon after, the now omnipresent Web 2.0 dawned on us, as more users came online and interactions began to happen. Natural progression in technology made it possible for everyone involved to use videos and high-broadband syndication techniques. It is, today, hard to imagine, a web without blogging. Forum participation caught on fire. Youtube is omnipresent today.
Web 2.0 is changing again, for the better. Blogging is giving way to micro-blogging as an easier path to convey information. Twitter led the way and still to-date continues to. It has become really easy for anyone to share their thoughts, news, opinions, reviews, opinions and agreements to other people's thoughts and views, and to share links of what they like and what they do not like, all in a 140 character snippet. "Viral" marketing truly caught on fire. And alongside that, the true meaning of "Social" began taking shape with social networks. Facebook has enabled users to interact with people they know, trust and wish to become friends with, with ease, sophistication and in style. Social Media Marketing and Social Networking have become synonymous with Facebook. Facebook, with its 600 plus million user community, has taken the world by storm, sufficient to say that Facebook would be one of the top most populous places, if it were a country. Facebook could well be a country on its own and a bank too with its social currency! Today, people live, sleep and wake-up with Facebook and social has become the new standard.
The e-world is on the move again, in the right direction. The wonderful world of e-commerce and the awesomely addictive world of social networking are coming together. E-commerce and Social Networking are joining forces and the result is fascinating. Welcome to Social Commerce! A variety of names and paths - S-Commerce, Social Market, Social Hub, Social Shopping, Scommerce, Social E-commerce, Social Ecommerce, Social Marketplace - all of them lead to exactly the same destination - Social Commerce.
Wikipedia calls Social Commerce as the "Use of social media via social interaction and user contributions to assist in the online buying and selling of products and services". So, what is this and why is it useful? Simply put, people trust other people than products, brands or companies. When people hear good or bad things about anything, whether a product or a service, and the more they hear about it in a particular direction (good or bad), they naturally incline to the decision that the product or service is as-such, without having to try the same themselves. This does make perfect sense and is applicable for our everyday life. Needless to say, feedback, recommendations and reviews are worth more than any other imaginable description of what's being offered. In the space of electronic commerce, with its difficulties around buying or selling products or services remotely, where one cannot touch and feel the offering prior to purchase, particularly will benefit from social interactions and user contributions in a manner that is beyond words. One can finally buy a product or service knowing and trusting what other users say, as opposed to just believing in the vendor advertisement on the product. This is cool, is it not!!
The world of Social Commerce applies just as equally to services as it does to products. On the product side, Social Shopping is becoming the way to go. With services, Social Marketplace is gaining traction as the way to seek and fulfill services. Social Commerce has seen over $2 billion in investments in the first quarter of 2011 alone. This is the new way of business. Social Commerce - the way forward it is.
About the Author
Ghigg (http://www.ghigg.com) is a Social Commerce Platform for Firm Fixed Price Services. The Ghigg Social Hub enables S-Commerce and Social Outsourcing by empowering businesses to Give, Get and Gain.
How to Buy & Sell Books Online : How to Protect Book Dustcovers with Mylar
Web Marketing: Raising the standards of promotion strategies
When asked about the most reliable and speedy source to gain beneficial results and have Web Marketing for your company to the deeper corners of the world, you will find nothing better than having a website. A website has become the hot favorite choice the business owners to enhance their contacts with their clients and their returns over investments with Web Marketing. Setting up a company you would always desire to have a trouble free Web Marketing for your company. As we have discussed above that the websites are reliable source of promotion through Internet Marketing, we have to understand the basic steps involved in the Website Building and Web Marketing.
The Website Building starts with the preparation of the Website Design. The website design is prepared using the various scripting languages and animation and graphical tools. The client should be able to understand quickly what you are dealing and what type of services you have in your bag to offer your client. They efficient display of your services in the website can prove much more helpful in your Web Marketing. The Website Creation also includes the creation of the web pages. The web content includes the relevant information about your company that you want to share with your clients for your Web Marketing. The clarity of the web content about your company can matter a lot in generating the beneficial results for your Web Marketing.
For setting up a professional website and enhance your Web Marketing process you need to undergo the Website Creation for your company with the single aim of attracting larger group of clients to your company through your website. For effective Web Marketing you have to place your website in the top rankings in the search engines. Your website must be easily available to your clients. For that you have to make the proper SEO for your website. The SEO of the website includes the on page optimization and the off page optimization some important tools involved in Web Marketing. In the on page optimization the suitable content regarding your website is written like the articles, blogs directories etc. In the off page optimization the SEO experts help in the article, blog and directory submission in the search engines. The basic aim of doing this is to enhance the link gaining capability of your website and get better results for your Web Marketing. In the context of Web Marketing the keyword research plays an important role. The search engine crawls the web pages with the relevant keywords and suitable assigns Page Ranking to them. Higher the page rank of your web page and more will be the beneficial results for your Web Marketing.
For the effective Web Marketing you can also take the help of emails. Email marketing is an interactive technique of Web Marketing process in which various companies try to develop business relations with their clients and get a larger number of visitors to their website. In this, companies send emails about their new introductions to their customers. For better Web Marketing the companies must refrain from the spamming techniques (sending useless or repeated emails).
So for the beneficial results from the Web Marketing to your website you require the help of a reputed Website Builder company like Web Marketing of North Florida. They will provide you all the Web Marketing services including the website design, keyword search, SEO and e mail marketing. For more information regarding our web marketing services you can contact us at: www.webmarketingofnorthflorida.com
About the Author
Mantoo Joinx is a reputed content writer who has been serving our Web Marketing Company with his intellect from several years.
Web Video Marketing For Your Business | Social Media Video
[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] What is the most effective online marketing strategy?
with so many different online marketing techniques, which one is tried and tested and can drive the most traffic that actually works?
I think i know exactly what you are looking for. For my websites I use a company called RankPay and they do performanced based SEO. Not only is it relatively cheap depending on your keywords, but YOU DON'T PAY UNTIL YOUR SITE IS RANKING!
I've got a bunch of sites ranking with them for extremely competitive keywords. It was pretty easy for me to choose them because there is literally no risk involved. You dont pay a dime until you start ranking. Here is their site:
Travel Affiliate - Cost effective online marketing solution for the travel industry
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web marketing,Internet marketing,search engine marketing,search engine optimization,how to start a business,web marketing tips
Web Marketing Web Marketing Hints For Home Companies
It is challenging to begin a home company and understand Web Marketing to make it succeed. A lot of persons dream of starting one because it offers economical and personal independence, although it is also a frightening, challenging and puzzling direction to take. If you don't know how to start, we present some hints to get you moving in a methodical, cheap and knowledgeable way.
When developing an on line company and Web Marketing campaign, you need to learn in regards to what works for your company's industry and in regards to the elements and technical requirements you require to begin it and keep it running smoothly.
There is a lot to study and investigate at the beginning, so get assistance to guide you through the steps in a methodical way. There is an outstanding resource for this: ittybiz.com, here you will find priceless tips on how to create a successful home company step by step.
You must advertise your company and there is a simple manner to turn good at Web Marketing. On line you can find many simple to learn marketing tool kits, thus, choose the best one for your business. Only write- Web Marketing Tool Kit- on your computer and check the main results. Also, the work “Book Yourself Solid” by Michael Port, is an easy tool to learn Web Marketing, with practical exercises to determine who must be your clients, what you may give them and how to find potential ones.
Research about copywriting. You don't have to turn into a best- selling novelist, but you surely have to learn how to develop an effective landing page, an attractive piece that can encourage your visitors to pay for what you are selling, because it is vital for your Web Marketing undertakings. Powerful copywrtiting asks for clarity, vigor, appeal, experience and quality and you already have all that: you deeply know your market, what moves them, what they are asking for and why they should choose you. Thus, only write- commercial copywriting tips- on your computer and check the results you get.
Write a business plan, every small company considering an effective Web Marketing campaign must apply one. Ughh... ugly stuff! Not at all, keep it uncomplicated and effective. Check out Jim Horan's work “The One Page Business Plan”.
Care for your site's design, make it nice as well as search engine friendly to boost your Web Marketing campaign. You can find simple and cheap tips to attain both and thrust your site from the beginning. Educate yourself in the web prior to getting counsel from a web designer and search engine optimization expert.
Blogs are amazing environments to promote your company in an economic way and get in contact with your clients in a powerful way, thus, study how to create a blog, it is uncomplicated, but be careful with the details and extend it the tending it demands and deserves.
Creating your Internet company is an amazing success, but it isn't for everybody. As you can confirm, it needs a lot of time to study and a lot of {dedication|commitment|seriousness] once it is running. Of course, these are not minuses when we are referring to your passion, so give it a shot!
If you want to know about a very popular newsworthy event, it’s not hard to find on the Internet. There are an abundance of new websites and news information all over the net. However, you might want be looking for something specific, local, or otherwise little known or covered. Google is a great resource for getting all the top news, plus find that hard to get news information.
From Google’s home page, click on the News category at the top of the page. You will be redirected to Google News—a search engine solely for news stories of all kinds, lengths, and sources. You’ll see a search bar at the top of the page where you can enter the keywords of exactly what you are looking for. Or, you can browse for news stories from the list of categories on the left sidebar:
Top Stories—for the biggest news stories of the day World—for global news stories U.S.—for top news stories of the country Business—for commerce, trading, and company news Sci/Tech—for new stories, experiments, and developments in the science and technology world Entertainment—for news about celebrities, movies, and music, and television Sports—for various sports related news Health—for new discoveries and developments in health and health care Spotlight—for unique, interesting, and entertaining stories of all topics Most Popular—for the hottest news stories across the board.
When clicked, each of these headings will list the top stories from their perspective categories, as well as pictures and other links.
Under these categories are three option on how to view news stories. You can view only headlines, only pictures, or all news.
If you are looking for a particular story, or stories about a particular person or event, etc., type the name or other related keywords into the search bar and click “Search News.” Once you click on the article heading, you will be redirected to the site where the news story originated, where you can usually comment on, print, email, and see related links to the story.
Next to the search bar at the top of Google News is a link for an advanced news search. You can specify the exact dates or dates the story was released to get past news stories. You can also narrow down your news search results to the news source, the geographical location of the news source, the location of the stories, the name of the author of the news story, specify where the keywords you typed appear in the story (title, body, etc.)
These options can be very helpful if you are looking for local news only, you prefer a certain author or media company, or you’re trying to find a story you saw another time and are having trouble finding again.
With the wide variety of options, multiple news sources, and large collection of news stories that can only be obtained online, Google News is sure to have the story you’re looking for, perspectives from all angles, and a variety of educational and entertaining opportunities.
About the Author
Written by Hannah Miller, Director of Online Marketing and Customer Service Rep, Copper.net.
Copper.net is a nationwide Internet Services provider that is all-American owned and operated. Call today, 1-800-336-3318 or sign up online. Check out my blog for this and more great articles! http://www.copper.net/wire
Digital Marketing News #49 -- Apple's Cult, MACDefender, American E-Commerce Market
Which is Preferrable for Profitable Affiliate Marketing? – FREE Article Marketing or FREE Forum Marketing?
When it comes to building profitable affiliate marketing, everyone is faced with the dilemma: Which to go with - FREE Article Marketing or Free Forum Marketing? So in this article, as an experienced internet marketer and affiliate marketer, I’d like to share my own opinion about this question.
FREE Article Marketing As A Promotion Method for Affiliate Marketing
Article marketing is my favorite promotion method which I actively use almost every day.
Advantages of Article Marketing:
First of all, this is a FREE method that really works for affiliate marketing or list building.
Your articles stay online forever and become your 24.7 salesperson.
Articles are more effective that posts on forums, as they drill down into the readers’ brain and turn them into real buyers.
DIsadvantages of Article Marketing:
Writing articles can be time consuming and hard for some people. However, you may outsource, but in this case this method will not be FREE for you.
Getting significant results with article marketing, compared to forum marketing, takes a longer time when it comes to building profitable affiliate marketing.
Some article directories, especially ezinearticles.com have a strict policy and can reject your articles from time to time. In this way, you may lose your valuable time.
FREE Forum Marketing As A Promotion Method for Affiliate Marketing
Today free forum Marketing has become a favorite promotion method for many affiliates. Why? Discover below its advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages of Forum Marketing:
Like Article marketing, forum marketing is also free and really works.
It can help you to get quick results, especially in CPA marketing or list building, compared to article marketing.
Posting will waste less time, than writing and submitting articles.
DIsadvantages of Article Marketing:
Some forums may delete your posts even if you didn’t spam.
Forum posts are not as effective as informative articles when it comes to getting buyers for your affiliate product.
However, I would recommend you combine both free article marketing and free forum marketing methods at a time, in order to get superb results.Just try this,let’s say for 30 days or so and analyze your results.
About the Author
For other valuable practical tips go to my For Mom Blog and Subscribe to my FREE Weekly WAHM MOM Lab Ezine . In the Issue # 1 you can read:
1. Top 5 Secrets to Profitable Affiliate Marketing. 2. Top 3 Mistakes Newbies Make While Using Keywords In Their Articles. 3. 2 Most Common Questions Asked By Newbie Affiliate Marketers 4. My 21 Tested And Proven Secrets To Get Published On Ezinearticles As Fast As Possible.
5. My Honest Review of Resellers Heaven - The only Advanced Digital Product Directory.
Managing ICT transformation in University Education in Uganda: Justification,Problem and Way forward
The twentieth century saw much technological advancement in many social spheres ranging from the discovery of the radio, the aeroplane, the atomic bomb and the apex was the going to the moon. All these technological advancements had adverse impacts on the life style of the communities around the world. However, most importantly, is the invention of the Internet and the intranet which historic achievement has greatly impacted on the academic life of many universities around the world. The period of the 1990s ushered in a new world order; the beginnings of the idea of globalisation and its immediate impacts on higher education developments. Globalisation represents the international system that is shaping most societies today including university programs. It is a process that is “super charging” the interaction and integration of cultures, politics, business and intellectual elements around the world.
This paper examines the effects of globalization in terms of technological transformations on the development of universities. The pursuit of technological transformation in higher education has become widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa with the extensive pervasiveness of global networks like the Internet and Intranet as institutions struggle to prepare students for effective participation in the emerging global knowledge economy. Technologically based education is further seen as a way to address the increase in the world demand for tertiary education. The one new university per week is required to keep pace with world population growth but the resources necessary are not available. For instance, since the time of the overwhelmingly increased student enrolments in many public universities in Uganda from the 1990s and onwards, existing resources and infrastructure have not increased commensurate to the same increase in the student capacity. Lecture theatres and libraries are flooding and infrastructure and instructional materials and staff are all constrained with the alarmingly increased student populations. Higher education must develop more cost-effective methods so that public resources can be increased and effectively utilized. A lecture theatre in a public university that sits over 300 students attending an economics class will not be effective if more public address systems are not installed to enable each and every learner benefit from the lecture.
Likewise, if a university lacks internet facility to serve its ever increasing student population then it would be quite hard to ensure quality learning and research. By using technology for teaching, universities can serve the public more cost-effectively and in particular can prepare students better for a technologically based society. In view of the growing globalisation and transnational exchanges in many fields. In these circumstances politicians, policy-makers, and citizens should make demands upon education systems to reform. Open learning and distance education are at the forefront of educational responses to the changes that are taking place locally, regionally, nationally and internationally.
Information technological transformation in universities, however, has major systemic implications and needs to be carefully managed. As soon as an organization takes the first tentative steps from data to information, its decision processes, management structure, and even the way it gets its work done begin to be transformed.Attempts to introduce any significant reform will impact on all of its sub-systems. The advent of information technology in any big university will wholly impact tremendously on the internal and external operations of that university. It implies that with information technological advancement, universities have to prepare themselves to welcome such crucial developments. It systematically relates to the fact that university management has to train or hire manpower to operate the technology; and the same universities should change the teaching approaches to cope with the demands of the new information technology.
Using technology to extend the campus on a global basis will affect all aspects of a university or college, but particularly administrative systems. Similarly when he refers to the necessity of looking at innovations within the framework of institutional development. The introduction of e-Learning will prompt a thorough re-examination of the core practices of an university organization, whether advertising, or registration, or design and delivery of materials, or student support or assessment of students and research, in order to arrive at the most effective way of providing these services in a networked, multimedia environment.
Involving academics in technological reform in Universities
Educational institutions exist to open minds and challenge established doctrine, but at the same time, the manpower that occupies these institutions is extremely resistant to change. Higher education can be described as largely bureaucratic and bureaucracies, by definition, resist change. I recall an incidence during my university life when my old professor hated something called a computer and a projector used in teaching. Whenever I told him that my research analysis was based on computer packages he retorted negatively “ you are bound to fail research, please use the formulas I gave you in class”. Such an expression and reaction depicts an “old fashioned academic” who is not ready to accept recent global changes in the area of academics in universities. Many other students, in recent times, face the same wrath of such unsighted professors. Because of the wide resistance to change in most education institutions, technological innovation has often been implemented as an isolated, top-down initiative of university managers for efficiency purposes. In this scenario, the wider systems within tertiary education are often not considered and neither affected by the innovation.
Technological innovations have also experienced difficulty-taking precedence in top offices in university educatio. Higher education, similar to other sectors of society, has often responded to new ICT applications on the basis of efficiencies rather than the use of more strategic considerations. Some staff have resisted IT advocating remaining in use of the old systems of processing student papers. They type writer and old record keeping methods are still in use creating managerial inefficiencies in the “transcript office” and at the departmental examinations office. This traditional criterion of record management tends to stifle operational effectiveness. Most changes in education in the twentieth and twenty first centuries had been first order changes, which aimed at improving efficiency and effectiveness of current practices. One of such first order changes is the introduction of the Internet and the computer in management work and teaching methodology. Therefore, attempts to oppose such lucrative developments in any global institution are a path in the wrong direction because technology is here to stay.
To ensure ownership of sound educational quality in ICT and e-Learning, it is important that educators and educational policy drive and direct technological transformation of higher education. Therefore, the structures supporting technology-based education have to ensure an educational focus and pre-eminence of educational principles and policy grounded on administrative desires and attitudinal change. The literature on non-traditional modes of delivery in higher education using state-of-the-art technologies, indicates that the extensive use of ICT in education poses previously unencountered problems in pedagogy and andragogy, which are attitudinal. In addition, these problems are primarily to do with conservativeness of those who fear technological change. Technological decisions need to be preceded by policy and educational decisions and highlighting the importance of bottom-up and more organic approaches during technological transformation in higher education in the developing world.
Engaging academics to appreciate ICT is a significant management issue in higher educational reform and such reform has to be based on the development of 'learning communities'. That means that the actual process of reform must engage academics in actual learning of how to use the new technologies and seeing that this technology is further promoted creating self-initiative so as to build self-confidence and sharing. In most cases, ICT training should be made compulsory to every academic and don. This requires serious bottom-up approaches to encourage and implement the reforms. Top down attempts to achieve educational reforms in technological outlook have failed and will be doomed to failure until they confront the cultural and pedagogical traditions and beliefs that underlie current practices and organizational arrangement. In technological transformation in higher education, it seems necessary to address the concerns and perceptions of academic staff in the light of the need for changing their attitudes and to ensure ownership by academic staff.
Ownership of the technological transformation by academic staff is critical as it requires major changes in professional roles. This points to the need for specialised roles and the need for academics to gain the skills and knowledge for effective use of the new technologies, and the requirement for extensive training. University staff needs to change attitude towards technological advancement and need a more complex training session in how to use such technologies and come to appreciate them. The new technologies in global education point to a new role for the teacher, for the student and for course material. It centres on the construction of knowledge by the student. A lecturer becomes a facilitator and promoter and information becomes something to work with, think with, discuss, negotiate and debate with partners.
The specialized skills needed to develop technology based learning materials further point to the rationale for using development teams. Producing good quality technology based learning materials will require people who can combine good pedagogic practice with an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different media and technologies. Course design teams are the accepted model in distance education and that the Open University uses course development teams extensively. The predominant course-team model in distance education and the main advantage of this model is that it operates on high professional standards.
Technological transformation in higher education, implementation and innovation is based on new approaches to organizational processes. An innovation can be described as an idea or behavior that is new to the organization adopting it. Implementing and adopting some thing new to a culture requires commitment, patience and acceptance of change. In this way, a bottom-up innovation process in the development of ICT is important because it fosters the development of the will among members and generates collective participation of lower cadres in decision making leading to consensus building. It is difficult to resist change that comes from the bottom from among the users. The importance of a bottom-up process for a successful innovation aims at spreading leadership. If it does not aim at shared leadership right from the outset, therefore such technology is unlikely to be capable of establishing itself in the university system.
In addition, there is need to ensure strong innovation diffusion into higher education systems. The innovation diffusion theory provides a general explanation for the manner in which new entities and ideas like IT and technology based education over time, disseminate through social systems, in higher education. The innovation diffusion theory is essentially a bottom-up approach based on individual responses that can be used as a starting point to depict technological transformation in higher education. Initially, there is a take-off stage during which an innovation is introduced into a social system. An entrepreneurial group called the innovators often then adopts it. During the next phase of maturation the "early adopters", who are change agents or opinion leaders among the social system, will enter the process thereby legitimizing the innovation and opening the potential for adoption to all members of the system. The final saturation stage in an innovation's adoption is characterized by widespread adoption. The innovation saturates the social system and growth tapers off. This process can be plotted as an S-shaped growth curve.
We have seen that technology cannot be separated from development of the university because it is transient with globalisation and its intentions. Hence, there is need to overcome any resistance from staff and management that hinder technology to take root especially where the computer and internet age is resisted in most main stream teaching, planning and record keeping. In order to cause a vibrant attempt to allowing the ICT age and e-learning to take root, there are several policy directions that should be taken first hand and these are:
To promote top-down and bottom-up strategies that promote ICT development and utilization in universities through innovation diffusion. The level of resources made available to promote ICT usage would not have been possible without senior management and staff support. When typical political problems like irrational resistance to change are encountered, senior management is able to step in and direct matters. Middle management and staff, that is, heads of academic and administrative departments and lecturers, play an important role in controlling resources and running the support.
The diffusion can be sustained through the use of a distributed implementation structure. A Centre for e-Learning, for example, should be established to provide central support and to coordinate the progress of the technological promotion project in the universities. Even learning should strictly adapt to these technologies where teaching methodologies should acquire ICT strategies and course work should be conducted using ICT facility.
Universities should take time to ensure staff ownership of technologies even the most rigid type and conservative staff should see the benefits of e-learning and ICT in higher education development. Ensuring ownership by academic staff is essential in the diffusion of e-Learning strategies that promote effective teaching and learning.
In order to ensure ownership of e-learning in universities by academic staff, it is important for educators and educational policies to drive the technological transformation. Staff development can be used as an important strategy to advance the transformation of higher education.
The implementation of educational technology into the curriculum requires the introduction of a very robust technology infrastructure. Every staff should have a Pentium computer, printer or access to a printer, access to the Internet and e-mail with power failures and network shutdowns minimal. The library should also create a technology rich learning environment.
In conclusion, creating an enduring vision and a strategic implementation framework for the effective implementation of technological innovations seems critical. However, it requires institutional leadership in order to promote technology use in university education. The most important function of institutional leadership may be to create a shared vision that includes widespread input and support from the faculty and administration, articulates a clear educational purpose, has validity for stakeholders, and reflects the broader mission of the institution. If African universities cannot take advantage of the information revolution and surf this great wave of technological change, they may be crushed by it. Catching this wave will require visionary leadership in most universities on the continent.
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About the Author
Mirek Sopek speech at "Web has a meaning" conference. Part 1
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Four Key Areas Internet Marketers Should Master First
"Order and simplification are the first steps toward the mastery of a subject." -Thomas Mann
What should beginning Internet marketers focus on when they first start out. What should they do and not do? It is so easy to be overwhelmed when getting started. Learn one area at a time and then go to the next while continuing with what you've learned.
Social Media: The top sites I recommend are Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Better Networker. You must understand what it is good for and what it is not good for. It is not a place to place ads. It is a place to get to know people, build relationships, establish an Internet presence, and have fun. Think of it as a party. You don't want to be the person that goes up to people and says, "Hi! I'm David. Give me your money!" Soon you'll be standing in a corner and ignored by everyone. Don't discuss your business unless asked, but build friends and relationships on other interests, such as sports, politics, religion, hobbies, etc. A scuba diver or coin collector just might be your next customers, but after they first know you and seek you out. Always give valuable service or content for free. Be Funny, interesting, but most of all be yourself. Don't sell. Remember you're at a party.
Article Marketing: What I'm doing with this article is article marketing. Besides having this in an article directory, the search engines will pick the article up and people may also find this without going directly to the directories. Provide valuable content again. Don't be an obvious or blatant commercial for your business, product or service. Usually at the end of the article or in your biography, you'll be able to provide contact information and links to your blog or website. Article marketing is also valuable because it builds your on-line presence, establishes yourself as an expert, and helps increase links to your sites. This is important for SEO.
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Copy Writing: If there is a secret to marketing success, and there's NOT, but if there were, copy writing would be it. Why? Because most people will not invest the time and effort to learn copy writing. Copy writing is the most important skill in marketing but is the least attended in Internet marketing classes. Two books to start off with are The Copy Writer's Handbook, Third Edition: A Step-By-Step Guide to Writing Copy That Sells by Robert W. Bly. The Third Edition addresses Marketing on the Internet such as e-mail, ezines, and copy writing on websites. Hypnotic Writing by Joe Vitale is also highly regarded by copy writers. Both books give advice on how to write ads, sales letters, websites, and headlines.
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